{"id":328806,"date":"2024-03-26T11:22:44","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T10:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/?p=328806"},"modified":"2024-03-26T11:22:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T10:22:47","slug":"megalazo-es-fajdalmas-8-ijeszto-teny-a-kozepkori-higieniarol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/erdekes\/megalazo-es-fajdalmas-8-ijeszto-teny-a-kozepkori-higieniarol\/","title":{"rendered":"Megal\u00e1z\u00f3 \u00e9s f\u00e1jdalmas: 8 ijeszt\u0151 t\u00e9ny a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9ni\u00e1r\u00f3l"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A mozifilmekben \u00e9s Netflix sorozatokban t\u00falromantiz\u00e1lt id\u0151ket legink\u00e1bb csak b\u00fcd\u00f6snek \u00e9s gusztustalannak lehetne nevezni. A modern v\u00edzvezet\u00e9k, az elektromoss\u00e1g \u00e9s az orvostudom\u00e1nyi kutat\u00e1sok megjelen\u00e9se el\u0151tt a szem\u00e9lyes higi\u00e9nia, finoman sz\u00f3lva, hi\u00e1nyos volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"float:none;margin:0px 0 0px 0;text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"mobileShowkakettes\"><div class=\"mobileShowka2\"><div style=\"padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:15px;min-height: 300px;\"><div class=\"hirdetes\">HIRDET\u00c9S<\/div>\n<!-- 300lista -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9424088931673893\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"8471340766\"><\/ins>\n<script async>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>A k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori n\u0151knek, akik nem rendelkeztek a mai n\u0151k k\u00e9nyelm\u00e9vel, meglehet\u0151sen furcsa \u00f6n\u00e1pol\u00e1si praktik\u00e1khoz kellett folyamodniuk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"659\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-005.webp\" alt=\"K\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9nia 005\" class=\"wp-image-328811\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nem csoda, hogy akkoriban az \u00e1tlagos v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 \u00e9lettartam mind\u00f6ssze 30 \u00e9v volt!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u00c9jjeli ed\u00e9nyek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>De a nappaliak is&#8230; Csatorn\u00e1z\u00e1s hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a v\u00e9c\u00e9 szerep\u00e9t egy egyszer\u0171 ed\u00e9ny t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte be. Tartalm\u00e1t egyenesen az ablakon \u00f6nt\u00f6tt\u00e9k ki figyelmeztet\u0151 ki\u00e1lt\u00e1sokkal k\u00eds\u00e9rve. Hogy az utc\u00e1kon lehessen k\u00f6zlekedni, Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban takar\u00edt\u00f3kat alkalmaztak, akik eltakar\u00edtott\u00e1k az \u00fcr\u00fcl\u00e9ket az \u00fatr\u00f3l. Egyes gazdag h\u00e1zakban l\u00e9teztek toalett helyis\u00e9gek, de ezeknek semmi k\u00f6z\u00fck nem volt a modern f\u00fcrd\u0151szob\u00e1khoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"706\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-004.webp\" alt=\"K\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9nia 004\" class=\"wp-image-328810\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Az eur\u00f3pai h\u00f6lgyek \u00e9s urak k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a padl\u00f3ra v\u00e9gezt\u00e9k a dolgukat, amit a szolg\u00e1k ut\u00e1na feltakar\u00edtottak, amennyire tudtak. Term\u00e9szetesen a folyos\u00f3kon borzalmas b\u0171z uralkodott. Csak a legfels\u0151bb r\u00e9teg menek\u00fclhetett meg t\u0151le &#8211; \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag, amikor Lajos kir\u00e1ly v\u00e1r\u00e1ban m\u00e1r lehetetlen volt leveg\u0151t venni, az eg\u00e9sz udvartart\u00e1ssal \u00e1tk\u00f6lt\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy m\u00e1sik rezidenci\u00e1ba, \u00e9s t\u00e1voll\u00e9t\u00e9ben alaposan kiszell\u0151ztett\u00e9k \u00e9s kitakar\u00edtott\u00e1k a helyis\u00e9geket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Mivel helyettes\u00edtett\u00e9k a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban a toalettpap\u00edrt?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1r a 6. sz\u00e1zadban K\u00edn\u00e1ban megtanultak kis n\u00e9gyzeteket k\u00e9sz\u00edteni rizspap\u00edrb\u00f3l. De a keleti fejl\u0151d\u00e9s lassan jutott el Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ba &#8211; a k\u00ednaiak gyakorlat\u00e1t visszatasz\u00edt\u00f3nak tartott\u00e1k. A tehet\u0151s eur\u00f3paiak abban az id\u0151ben ink\u00e1bb olyan eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket haszn\u00e1ltak, amik l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben egy fap\u00e1lc\u00e1hoz er\u0151s\u00edtett szivacsok voltak. Ez az \u00f3kori R\u00f3ma \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge, ahol ezeket sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A szeg\u00e9nyebb n\u00e9pr\u00e9tegek kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 t\u00f6r\u0151dtek a szem\u00e9lyes higi\u00e9ni\u00e1jukkal, \u00e9s mindent bevetettek, ami a kez\u00fck \u00fcgy\u00e9be ker\u00fclt: szalm\u00e1t, moh\u00e1t \u00e9s leveleket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Vizes elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Term\u00e9szetesen nem gyakran f\u00fcr\u00f6dtek &#8211; f\u0151leg azokon a vid\u00e9keken, ahol a f\u00fcrd\u0151k nem l\u00e9teztek vagy nem voltak n\u00e9pszer\u0171ek. De senki sem szereti folyton a saj\u00e1t b\u0171z\u00e9t \u00e9rezni. A r\u00f3maiak k\u00f6zf\u00fcrd\u0151ket haszn\u00e1ltak, a skandin\u00e1vok pedig a tisztas\u00e1g \u00e9s a szellemek tisztelete miatt f\u00fcr\u00f6dtek. A szerzetesi kultuszok a v\u00edzben val\u00f3 mosakod\u00e1st a lelki gyakorlat r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek tartott\u00e1k. A tehet\u0151s eur\u00f3paiak n\u00e9ha (nem t\u00fal gyakran, mert ezt nem tartott\u00e1k hasznosnak) vettek f\u00fcrd\u0151t. Leggyakrabban az eg\u00e9sz csal\u00e1d ugyanabban a v\u00edzben mosdott &#8211; itt meg kell \u00e9rten\u00fcnk, hogy az utols\u00f3nak mennyire neh\u00e9z dolga volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-003.webp\" alt=\"K\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9nia 003\" class=\"wp-image-328809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-003.webp 1200w, https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-003-768x402.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A k\u00f6zn\u00e9p a patakokban, tavakban vagy forr\u00e1sokban val\u00f3 f\u00fcrd\u00e9sre korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dott. Ez azt jelentette, hogy a v\u00edz szinte mindig hideg volt, \u00e9s a v\u00edzi proced\u00far\u00e1k csak tavasszal \u00e9s ny\u00e1ron voltak el\u00e9rhet\u0151ek. A t\u00e9li h\u00f3napokban az embereknek sok\u00e1ig nem tudtak mosakodni, mert a fagyos v\u00edzben tart\u00f3zkod\u00e1s kih\u0171l\u00e9shez, t\u00fcd\u0151gyullad\u00e1shoz \u00e9s korai hal\u00e1lhoz vezethet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Hogyan k\u00e9sz\u00edtettek szappant a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban a szappan k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez az emberek szinte mindent felhaszn\u00e1ltak, ami a kez\u00fck \u00fcgy\u00e9be ker\u00fclt: moh\u00e1t zs\u00edrral vagy olajjal keverve, n\u00e9ha m\u00e9g meszet is. Ezeket gyakran gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9nyekkel \u00e9s illatos\u00edt\u00f3kkal, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul levendulavir\u00e1gokkal is d\u00fas\u00edtott\u00e1k. A k\u00f6zn\u00e9p l\u00fagos szappant k\u00e9sz\u00edtett, ami annyira durva volt, hogy ha t\u00fal er\u0151sen d\u00f6rzs\u00f6lt\u00e9k, leszedhette a b\u0151rt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Hogyan tiszt\u00edtott\u00e1k a fogaikat a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A fogkef\u00e9t egy hegyes v\u00e9g\u0171, letiszt\u00edtott fadarab vagy egy z\u00fazott m\u00e9szk\u00f6vet tartalmaz\u00f3 rongy (amit a sz\u00e1jban kellett r\u00e1gcs\u00e1lni) helyettes\u00edtette. A fogak rendszeres tiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak hagyom\u00e1nya nehezen ment \u00e1t Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban &#8211; sok\u00e1ig ezt a folyamatot illetlennek tartott\u00e1k. Emiatt a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori h\u00f6lgyek \u00e9s urak fogai nagyon rosszak voltak, a mosolyuk helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a tehet\u0151s eur\u00f3paiak gyakran a szeg\u00e9nyekt\u0151l v\u00e1s\u00e1roltak eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges fogakat &#8211; abba, hogy hogyan r\u00f6gz\u00edtett\u00e9k \u0151ket, m\u00e9g belegondolni is borzalmas. Csak a 17. sz\u00e1zadban jelent meg az els\u0151 k\u00f6nyv a fog\u00e1pol\u00e1s sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l, amely a szuvasod\u00e1st &#8222;fogf\u00e9rgeknek&#8221; nevezte. A fogkef\u00e9k t\u00f6meggy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa csak 1780 k\u00f6r\u00fcl kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Fogamz\u00e1sg\u00e1tl\u00e1s<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolumbusz 1492-es amerikai exped\u00edci\u00f3ja nem v\u00e1rt &#8222;aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kot&#8221; hozott Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ba: a szifiliszt. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9ven bel\u00fcl a betegs\u00e9g m\u00e1r az \u00f6sszes eur\u00f3pai orsz\u00e1gra kiterjedt. Sz\u00e1mos k\u00eds\u00e9rlet t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt a v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s feltal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra, de az \u00f3vszerek megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9re m\u00e9g legal\u00e1bb n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadot kellett v\u00e1rni &#8211; az els\u0151 ilyen eszk\u00f6z hivatalos gy\u00e1rt\u00e1si d\u00e1tuma a 17. sz\u00e1zadra tehet\u0151. A r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti felt\u00e1r\u00e1sok sor\u00e1n tal\u00e1lt legr\u00e9gebbi p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyokat v\u00e9kony b\u0151rb\u0151l vagy \u00e1llati belekb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k. A Dudley kast\u00e9ly szennyv\u00edzg\u00f6dr\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lt lelet alapj\u00e1n kider\u00fclt, hogy a 17. sz\u00e1zad k\u00f6zep\u00e9n a kir\u00e1lyi g\u00e1rda katon\u00e1i is haszn\u00e1ltak ilyen eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket &#8211; val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg a nemi betegs\u00e9gek megel\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"985\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-002.webp\" alt=\"K\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9nia 002\" class=\"wp-image-328808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-002.webp 985w, https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-002-768x454.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A nem k\u00edv\u00e1nt terhess\u00e9g ellen a n\u0151k &#8222;fogamz\u00e1sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 pessz\u00e1riumokat&#8221; &#8211; a m\u00e9hnyak bej\u00e1rat\u00e1hoz helyezett szivacsokat &#8211; haszn\u00e1ltak. Az \u00f3korban \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bb a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorban is az orvosok &#8222;szenved\u00e9ly\u00f6l\u0151ket&#8221; terjesztettek &#8211; ezeket m\u00e1r Arisztotel\u00e9sz is le\u00edrta. A n\u0151k, akik belef\u00e1radtak a v\u00e9gtelen gyerekv\u00e1llal\u00e1sba, az \u00e9tel\u00fckbe kevert\u00e9k ezeket a f\u00e9rj\u00fcknek, abban a rem\u00e9nyben, hogy lecsillap\u00edtj\u00e1k a v\u00e1gyukat. A hozz\u00e1val\u00f3k k\u00f6zt volt ty\u00fakh\u00fas, p\u00f3r\u00e9hagyma, liliom, koriandermag, sal\u00e1ta, ruta \u00e9s k\u00e1mfor is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Abortusz<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A titkos abortuszok minden korban el\u0151fordultak &#8211; n\u00e9ha maguk a n\u0151k v\u00e9gezt\u00e9k el ezeket. L\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben b\u00e1rmilyen hegyes t\u00e1rgyat haszn\u00e1lhattak: p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul k\u00f6t\u0151t\u0171t. A n\u0151k emellett m\u00e9rgez\u0151 italok fogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1val is pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoztak megszabadulni a magzatt\u00f3l &#8211; p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul j\u00f3ddal, glicerinnel vagy higannyal (K\u00edn\u00e1ban ezt k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a m\u00e9hbe is fecskendezt\u00e9k). Term\u00e9szetesen ezeknek a beavatkoz\u00e1soknak a kimenetele tragikus volt &#8211; mind a magzat, mind a n\u0151 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"857\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-001.webp\" alt=\"K\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9nia 001\" class=\"wp-image-328807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-001.webp 857w, https:\/\/liked.hu\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kozepkori-higienia-001-768x968.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 857px) 100vw, 857px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4>Higi\u00e9nia a menstru\u00e1ci\u00f3 alatt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1r az \u00f3kori Egyiptomban is megtanult\u00e1k a n\u0151k, hogyan kell papiruszba tekert fap\u00e1lcik\u00e1kb\u00f3l tampont k\u00e9sz\u00edteni. A r\u00f3mai n\u0151k, akik hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rtek a pamuthoz, vattakorongokat haszn\u00e1ltak. A k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban a n\u0151k sz\u00f6vetbet\u00e9tekkel pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k megf\u00e9kezni a menstru\u00e1ci\u00f3s v\u00e9rz\u00e9st, amelyeket a szoknya \u00f6v\u00e9hez t\u0171ztek. A bet\u00e9teket naponta 10-szer is ki kellett mosni \u00e9s cser\u00e9lni. A helyzet az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faig nem igen v\u00e1ltozott, am\u00edg a n\u0151v\u00e9rek meg nem tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k a nedvsz\u00edv\u00f3 seb\u00e9szeti k\u00f6t\u00e9sek ilyen ter\u00fcleten t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1si m\u00f3dj\u00e1t. Ez a felfedez\u00e9s volt az els\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9s a modern higi\u00e9niai term\u00e9kek feltal\u00e1l\u00e1sa fel\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nem v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl volt 30 \u00e9v ekkoriban az emberek v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 \u00e9lettartama.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":328812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"buzzeditor_post_format":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[624,8668,1462,2655],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Megal\u00e1z\u00f3 \u00e9s f\u00e1jdalmas: 8 ijeszt\u0151 t\u00e9ny a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori higi\u00e9ni\u00e1r\u00f3l<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nem v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl volt 30 \u00e9v ekkoriban az emberek v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 \u00e9lettartama.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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